Grade 9 · printable course

Biology: Systems, Structure, and Change

Grade 9, Volume 1 · 395 pages · 45 lessons · PDF, print at home

A full-year, on-level Biology course for a homeschool learner working one-on-one with a parent through an adaptive learning app. The course moves from the chemistry of life through cell structure and energy transformation, into genetics, evolution, and ecology, closing with human body systems as an applied synthesis. Each unit is built around a real named phenomenon or dataset, uses explicit instruction for first acquisition followed by guided inquiry, and carries prior units forward through cumulative retrieval and spaced assessment rather than treating topics as closed chapters. The adaptive app supplies daily low-stakes retrieval items and mastery-paced practice; the parent delivers explicit instruction, worked examples, and the discussion-based checks that the app cannot score. This volume holds units 1 to 5: The Chemistry of Life; Cell Structure and Transport; Energy Transformation: Photosynthesis and Respiration; Cell Division and the Cell Cycle; Genetics and Heredity.

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What is inside

Every unit and lesson in this book, in order. The same lessons are taught online at lettersanddevotion.com, so a family can move between paper and screen.

Biology: Systems, Structure, and Change

45 lessons · try a lesson online free

Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life9 lessons
  1. 1.Water's polarity and hydrogen bonding, arising from unequal electron sharing at oxygen
  2. 2.Monomer identity and functional groups distinguishing the four macromolecule classes
  3. 3.Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis as the shared mechanism linking all four macromolecule classes
  4. 4.Levels of protein structure and how sequence determines folded 3-D shape
  5. 5.Macromolecule class names, monomer names, and functional roles
  6. 6.Enzymes as catalysts that lower activation energy via substrate-specific shape complementarity
  7. 7.The relationship between temperature/pH-induced denaturation and loss of enzyme activity
  8. 8.The disproportionate functional consequence of a single amino-acid substitution on protein shape and function
  9. 9.Domain-specific vocabulary in a biochemistry text versus everyday usage of the same words
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Transport8 lessons
  1. 10.Organelle structure-function relationships
  2. 11.Organelle abundance as evidence of cell specialization
  3. 12.Phospholipid bilayer structure and membrane protein function
  4. 13.Passive transport (diffusion, osmosis) vs. active transport
  5. 14.Osmosis and tonicity as a quantitative relationship
  6. 15.The surface-area-to-volume constraint on cell size
  7. 16.The cell as evidence for homeostasis
  8. 17.Integration of organelle structure-function and membrane transport in a novel cell
Unit 3: Energy Transformation: Photosynthesis and Respiration9 lessons
  1. 18.Inputs, outputs, and cellular location of photosynthesis
  2. 19.Inputs, outputs, and cellular location of the three respiration stages
  3. 20.The functional relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in a photosynthetic cell
  4. 21.The energy-carrier molecules entering and leaving photosynthesis and respiration
  5. 22.The complete multi-step energy/carbon pathway from light capture through cellular respiration to mechanical work
  6. 23.The general logic that energy is transformed stepwise with heat loss at each step, applied to an untaught organism/context
  7. 24.The distinction between energy transformation/conservation and energy creation, and the distinction between ATP turnover and ATP storage
  8. 25.The thermodynamic principle of unavoidable heat loss at every energy conversion, generalized from cellular to ecosystem scale
  9. 26.Correct placement and sequencing of unit vocabulary terms on a blank pathway diagram
Unit 4: Cell Division and the Cell Cycle9 lessons
  1. 27.The sequence of stages in the cell cycle
  2. 28.The defining chromosome and spindle features of each named mitotic phase
  3. 29.Chromosome number and replication state at a given cell-cycle phase
  4. 30.The relationship between DNA replication timing and equal chromosome distribution to daughter cells
  5. 31.The order of mitotic phases inferred from chromosome and spindle configuration
  6. 32.The functional necessity of checkpoint control beyond a simple growth/resource trigger
  7. 33.The relationship between mitotic-index data patterns and the cell-cycle stage where a checkpoint failure occurs
  8. 34.The mechanism by which a checkpoint-targeting cancer treatment addresses checkpoint failure
  9. 35.The distinction between identical DNA content across body cells and differential gene expression producing different cell types
Unit 5: Genetics and Heredity10 lessons
  1. 36.Chromosome number and genetic variation outcomes of meiosis
  2. 37.The necessity of chromosome-number halving in gamete formation
  3. 38.Independent assortment vs. crossing over as sources of variation
  4. 39.Monohybrid Punnett square procedure
  5. 40.Dihybrid Punnett square procedure
  6. 41.Distinguishing inheritance patterns from phenotype ratio evidence
  7. 42.Genotype-environment interaction in phenotype expression
  8. 43.Inferring inheritance pattern from pedigree evidence under ambiguity
  9. 44.Trait classification by phenotype distribution pattern
  10. 45.Generating an original inheritance model from novel ratio data

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