Grade 6, All Subjects (Digital Edition) · 1,856 pages · 343 lessons · PDF, print at home
Every subject of the Grade 6 year in one printable PDF: Bible, Science, Math, Reading and Writing, social studies. 343 lessons across 5 courses, with the parent script, student pages, worked examples, practice and answer keys for each, exactly as taught online. King James throughout.
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What is inside
Every unit and lesson in this year, in order. The same lessons are taught online at lettersanddevotion.com, so a family can move between paper and screen.
Bible: How to Read the Bible, and the Life of Christ
Thirty-six weeks on reading well: what a genre is and why it changes how you read, what a covenant is and how the Bible is built on them, and then the life of Christ read slowly with those tools in hand. Weekly written responses.
Unit 1: What Kind of Book Is This9 lessons
1.A library, not a book
2.Narrative, and the question a story is answering
3.Law, and why a code is not a story
4.Poetry, and how Hebrew rhymes
5.Wisdom, and why a proverb is not a promise
6.Prophecy, which is mostly not prediction
7.Gospel, and why there are four
8.Letters, and reading somebody else's mail
9.Apocalyptic, written to people in trouble
Unit 2: Covenant9 lessons
10.What a covenant is
11.Noah: a promise to everything alive
12.Abraham: called, and the whole world in the promise
13.Abraham: the sign, and twenty-five years of waiting
14.Moses: rescued first
15.Moses: the mountain and the terms
16.Broken in six weeks, and renewed anyway
17.David: a house, not a building
18.The new covenant, promised six hundred years early
Unit 3: The Life of Christ, Part One9 lessons
19.Before the manger: how John opens
20.Born: two accounts, and what each one wants you to notice
21.Baptized, and named out loud
22.Tempted, and answering from a book
23.The sermon that got him thrown out of town
24.The people he picked
25.The Beatitudes, and who gets called blessed
26.Ye have heard, but I say
27.Signs, and what a miracle is for
Unit 4: The Life of Christ, Part Two9 lessons
28.Parables, and why he made things harder
29.Three lost things, and a father who runs
30.The turn: who he is, and where he is going
31.Who counts as my neighbor
32.Into the city, and into the temple
33.The cup, and the word he chose
34.The garden, the arrest, and the friend who denied him
35.Crucified
36.Raised, and two people who did not recognize him
Science: Earth and Space Systems: Patterns, Processes, and Change
This is a full year of Earth science that keeps circling back to one idea: a small handful of causes, gravity, heat moving around, matter cycling through different forms, explain almost everything Earth does, from why the moon looks different each night to why hurricanes and earthquakes happen where they do. Your child starts by watching patterns in the sky, then works down into rock and inside the Earth, then out into water and weather, and finishes by using all of it to think about real disasters and real human choices. Every hands-on activity uses stuff you already have in the kitchen or garage. By June they should be able to look at almost any Earth event on the news and explain, in their own words, what's actually causing it.
Unit 1: Modeling the Sun-Earth-Moon System11 lessons
1.Earth's rotation as the cause of day/night and the apparent daily motion of the sun and stars
2.The taught label pairs for rotation (spin, ~24 hr, day/night) and revolution (orbit, ~365 days, year), as demonstrated
3.The distinction between rotation (spin on an axis, ~24 hr, causes day/night) and revolution (orbit around another body, ~365 days, causes year)
4.Moon phases as a function of the moon's orbital position relative to sun and Earth, not a shadow
5.Prediction of a specific moon phase from an orbital-position diagram
6.Seasons as a function of axial tilt affecting sunlight angle and day length, not orbital distance
7.The opposite-season relationship between hemispheres on a shared date
8.Scale (proportional size and distance) in the sun-Earth-moon system
9.Transfer of the position-relative-to-light-source reasoning structure to an unfamiliar orbiting body
10.Criteria for judging a model against multiple sky-pattern observations at once
11.Written mechanistic explanation of moon phase and seasonal cause, supported by a physical model
Unit 2: The Solar System and the Force That Holds It Together9 lessons
12.Gravity as a universal attractive force between masses
13.The inverse relationship between gravitational pull and distance
14.Orbital motion as a balance of gravity and inertia
15.Scale factor calculation for solar-system distance modeling
16.Orbital consequences of a change in central mass
17.Uneven heating due to sunlight angle on a curved surface
18.Transit-method light-curve data as evidence of an orbiting exoplanet
19.Comparative pattern of planetary properties across our solar system and exoplanet system data
20.Application of the gravity-inertia orbital model to an unfamiliar orbital scenario
Unit 3: Rocks and the Cycle That Builds Them9 lessons
21.Earth's layered interior (crust, mantle, core) as a density/temperature gradient
22.Diagnostic texture/grain evidence distinguishing the three rock classes
23.Conservation of chemical identity during rock transformation (heat/pressure vs. chemical change)
24.Relative dating principles (superposition, cross-cutting relationships) applied to a strata diagram
25.The rock cycle as a structure: inputs, transformation, timescale, energy source
26.Application of the rock-cycle structure to a novel, multi-step formation scenario
27.Generalizable structure of matter-cycling systems beyond the rock cycle
28.Names of the three rock classes and three interior layers
29.Validity of pathway connections in a constructed rock-cycle diagram
Unit 4: Plate Tectonics: The Engine Under the Cycle10 lessons
30.Convection as a density-driven process
31.The lithosphere as Earth's rigid outer shell broken into plates
32.Mantle convection as the mechanism driving plate motion
33.Historical evidence for continental drift and plate tectonics
34.The three plate boundary types and their diagnostic features
35.Boundary-type inference from indirect hazard and landform evidence
36.Rock cycle processes occurring at plate boundaries
37.Global distribution pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes as evidence of plate boundaries
38.A written scientific argument using historical evidence for continental drift
39.The epistemic status of plate tectonic theory (settled versus uncertain aspects)
Unit 5: Weathering, Erosion, and the Reshaping of the Surface10 lessons
40.The distinction between weathering and erosion
41.Surface-change scenarios sorted by process type
42.Gravity as the common driver of mass wasting, runoff, and river transport
43.Physical vs. chemical weathering mechanisms
44.The effect of hardness, climate, slope, and vegetation on erosion rate
45.The student's own stream-table erosion data and deposition prediction
46.Deposition as the link between erosion and new sedimentary rock formation
47.The weathering-erosion-deposition sequence applied to an unfamiliar landform
48.The claim that erosion is uniformly destructive
49.Definitions of weathering, erosion, and deposition
Unit 6: The Water Cycle: A Second Cycle, Compared9 lessons
50.The four-part structural frame (inputs, transformation, timescale, energy source) used to describe the rock cycle
51.The five named transformation/transport steps of the water cycle
52.The sun as the energy source for evaporation, contrasted with Earth's internal heat as the rock cycle's driver
53.The structural correspondence and divergence between the water cycle and the rock cycle
54.The numeric distribution of Earth's water across ocean, ice, groundwater, and surface freshwater reservoirs
55.Observable evidence (droplets, fogging, water level change) distinguishing evaporation from condensation in a closed system
56.Conservation of matter within a closed water-cycle model
57.Residence time as a function of energy source and system timescale, applied to a reservoir never discussed in class
58.Structural versus surface-feature justification within a peer's cycle-comparison argument
Unit 7: Weather and Climate: Same Ingredients, Different Timescales10 lessons
59.The timescale-based distinction between weather and climate
60.The four front types and their standard weather-map symbols
61.Uneven solar heating as the cause of air mass temperature and moisture differences
62.Front movement and associated weather changes
63.Evaporation and condensation as mechanisms of cloud and precipitation formation at fronts
64.Global atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns
65.Long-term temperature/ice-core records versus short-term weather data as distinct evidence types
66.The logical error of using short-term weather to refute long-term climate trend claims
67.The relationship between century-scale global temperature trend and decade-scale regional variability
68.A written evidence-based explanation of climate versus weather for a specific region
Unit 8: Natural Hazards and Human Impact: Living on a Dynamic Earth9 lessons
69.The underlying Earth-system mechanism (tectonic, water-cycle, or weather/climate) that produces a given hazard
70.The distinction between hazard and disaster based on human exposure
71.Risk as a combination of hazard likelihood, exposure, and vulnerability
72.Mitigation versus adaptation as human hazard-response strategies, including tradeoffs
73.Historical hazard-frequency data as evidence for future risk at a specific location
74.An evidence-based mitigate/adapt/relocate recommendation for a novel, unstudied hazard-prone region
75.The logical connection between cited hazard/risk data and a written recommendation claim
76.Tradeoffs (cost, safety, cultural ties, land availability) in the rebuild-after-repeat-hazard decision
77.Human resource extraction as an intervention point in the rock cycle or water cycle system diagrams
Math: Ratios, Relationships, and the Number System
This is the year your child learns to think in ratios instead of just counting differences: "for every 3 of these, 2 of those" instead of "3 more of these." That one idea, a multiplicative relationship between two quantities, gets used all year: to divide fractions, to make sense of negative numbers, to write algebra expressions, to compute area and volume, and finally to describe a set of data. By June they should be comfortable with signed numbers, one-step equations, decimals in all four operations, basic area/volume/surface area, and describing a data set with center and spread, not as nine separate topics, but as one idea applied nine times.
Unit 1: Ratios and Rate Reasoning9 lessons
1.Ratio notation and ratio language for a described relationship
2.The distinction between multiplicative (ratio) and additive (difference) comparison
3.Ratio table with equivalent ratios generated by scaling
4.Double number line as a model of a ratio relationship
5.Unit rate comparison across differently formatted representations
6.Distinctions among ratio, rate, and unit rate
7.Percent as a rate per 100, applied to an unfamiliar context
8.Combining two distinct ratio relationships into a single new relationship
9.The general rule for recognizing equivalent ratios across arbitrary tables
Unit 2: Dividing Fractions9 lessons
10.Measurement (how-many-groups) meaning of division applied to whole ÷ unit fraction
11.Measurement meaning of division applied to fraction ÷ fraction
12.Common-denominator strategy for fraction division
13.Standard algorithm for fraction division
14.Relationship between divisor size and quotient size in fraction division
15.Measurement versus partitive division situations in word problems
16.Fraction division embedded in a ratio/rate context
17.Fraction division applied to a novel real-world context
18.Structural equivalence between bar-model and common-denominator justifications of fraction division
Unit 3: The Decimal System10 lessons
19.Place-value alignment in decimal addition and subtraction
20.The structural difference between decimal addition/subtraction and decimal multiplication
21.The standard multiplication algorithm applied to decimals
22.Decimal division as repeated grouping, connected to fraction division reasoning
23.The standard long-division algorithm with decimal dividends and divisors
24.The link between a denominator's prime factors (only 2s and 5s) and whether a decimal terminates
25.Terminating-decimal-to-fraction conversion via place value, including the reason the pre-simplified denominator is a power of ten
26.The algebraic method (setting x = the decimal, multiplying to shift the repeat, subtracting) for repeating-decimal-to-fraction conversion
27.Estimation strategies applied specifically to decimal operation results
28.Multi-step decimal word problems combining two or more of the four operations
Unit 4: Negative Numbers and the Coordinate Plane10 lessons
29.Signed numbers as representations of opposite-direction quantities
30.The extended number line below zero
31.The relationship between opposite numbers and zero
32.Ordering of positive and negative rational numbers
33.Absolute value as distance, independent of sign
34.Absolute value versus numerical order in context
35.The four-quadrant coordinate plane
36.Reflections of points across a coordinate axis
37.Horizontal and vertical distance between coordinate points
38.Four-quadrant coordinate systems as a representational tool
Unit 5: Expressions with Variables9 lessons
39.The structural parts of an algebraic expression (coefficient, variable, term, constant)
40.The correspondence between verbal quantity language and symbolic expressions
41.Substitution of signed values into an expression using order of operations
42.The structural meaning of exponential notation as repeated multiplication
43.Numerical expressions containing exponents evaluated with order of operations
44.The distributive property applied to expressions with a variable term and a constant term
45.Equivalence of algebraic expressions verified through both numeric testing and structural comparison
46.The logical distinction between numeric verification and general proof of expression equivalence
47.The non-equivalence of (x+y)^2 and x^2+y^2 as a case where surface-level distribution fails
Unit 6: Equations and Proportional Relationships10 lessons
48.One-step addition and subtraction equations solved using the balance model
49.One-step multiplication and division equations solved using the balance model
50.The balance model of equation equality
51.One-step equations translated from word-problem contexts
52.Reversal errors in translating comparison sentences to equations
53.Proportionality tested via constant ratio across a table
54.Independent and dependent variables in a two-quantity relationship
55.The constant of proportionality k in y = kx
56.Graphs of proportional relationships used for prediction beyond given data
57.Invariance of the graph of y = kx under changing real-world context
Unit 7: Area, Surface Area, and Volume12 lessons
58.Area of a triangle via decomposition into a rectangle/parallelogram
59.Conservation of area under decomposition and rearrangement
60.Area of a trapezoid via decomposition
61.Area of a polygon on the coordinate plane
62.Surface area of a composite solid built from familiar solids
63.Nets of right rectangular prisms
64.Surface area of prisms via nets
65.Net design against a surface-area constraint
66.Volume of a right rectangular prism with fractional edge lengths
67.Effect of fractional multiplication on volume magnitude
68.Distinguishing area, surface area, and volume in context
69.Surface area formula as an algebraic expression with a variable edge
Unit 8: Statistical Distributions9 lessons
70.The distinction between statistical and non-statistical questions
71.Dot plots as a graphical representation of a data set
72.The median as a measure of center
73.Mean absolute deviation as a measure of variability
74.Shape of a distribution as shown across two different graph types
75.The relationship between center, spread, and what counts as a 'typical' or 'consistent' value
76.The potential for a summary statistic to misrepresent a distribution
77.A complete statistical comparison of two distributions
78.The insufficiency of a single summary statistic to characterize a distribution
Reading: Reading, Reasoning, and Writing: Grade 6 English Language Arts
This is a full year of 6th grade reading and writing built entirely on free material, old public-domain stories, folktales, speeches, and open nonfiction, so you won't be buying a textbook or novel set. The whole year trains one core habit: don't just tell me what you think a text means, show me the exact line that proves it. From that habit, your child learns to tell the difference between what a story is about (topic) and what it's actually saying (theme), to read figurative language as a choice the author made on purpose, to compare two accounts of the same event, and to write three kinds of essays, argument, informative, and story, each one reusing skills from the reading units instead of starting from scratch.
Unit 1: Reading With Evidence9 lessons
1.Explicit vs. inferred meaning in a text
2.The difference between a claim and a restatement of the text
3.Exact quotation as evidence for a claim in narrative text
4.Relative strength of competing textual evidence for the same claim
5.Criteria for evidence relevance and fit to a specific claim
6.Context clues for unfamiliar vocabulary in grade-level text
7.Peer evidence choices evaluated against a shared claim
8.The claim-evidence-justification routine applied to novel content
9.Transfer of evidence-evaluation criteria beyond assigned text types
Unit 2: Theme vs. Topic8 lessons
10.Topic as a one-word/short-phrase label of a text's subject
11.The structural difference between topic (label) and theme (full-sentence claim)
12.The choice-consequence chain in a fable's plot
13.A theme statement inferred from choice-consequence evidence in a fable
14.Textual evidence that supports a stated theme claim
15.Two competing, differently-supported theme claims for one text
16.An inferred theme for an unfamiliar fable lacking a stated moral
This is a year-long tour of the ancient world: early farmers, then Mesopotamia, Egypt and Kush, India, China, Greece, and Rome, ending with Rome's fall. Your child learns why cities and kings and laws showed up where and when they did, not just names and dates. Along the way they practice reading old documents skeptically (who wrote this, and why should I believe them?), reading maps and timelines, and writing short arguments backed by evidence. Every religion or belief system in the course is studied the way a historian studies it, what people believed and how it shaped their laws and daily life, never as something to practice or adopt.
Unit 1: What Makes a Civilization?10 lessons
1.The causal chain from agricultural surplus to occupational specialization
2.Features distinguishing hunter-gatherer from farming (Neolithic) societies
3.The seven-criteria checklist for civilization
4.The evidentiary limits of artifact-based versus text-based primary sources
5.Authorial motive as a source of bias in historical records
6.BCE/CE dating and elapsed-time calculation across the BCE/CE boundary
7.The relationship between physical geography (rivers, soil, climate) and settlement location
8.The contested boundary of the category 'civilization' applied to an unfamiliar case
9.The value-laden nature of the term 'civilization' as a historical category
10.Core Unit 1 vocabulary (surplus, specialization, hierarchy, the seven criteria)
Unit 2: Mesopotamia: The First Cities10 lessons
11.The relationship between river-valley geography and the location of Sumerian cities
12.The relationship between agricultural surplus and job specialization in Sumer
13.The connection between surplus, priesthood, and organized religion in Sumer
14.The original administrative purpose of cuneiform writing versus a modern analog
15.The social hierarchy embedded in specific laws of Hammurabi's Code
16.Whose interests a written rule protects, as a transferable pattern of reasoning
17.The fairness of Hammurabi's Code judged against its own historical context
18.The general conditions under which a city-state expands into an empire
19.Origin, purpose, and audience of a Mesopotamian primary source
20.Named Sumerian inventions and structures
Unit 3: Egypt and Kush: Two Nile Civilizations10 lessons
21.The causal link between the Nile's predictable flood cycle and Egyptian agricultural/political planning
22.The sequence of Egyptian kingdom periods and intermediate periods
23.Hieroglyphics and cuneiform as two ancient writing systems with different materials, original functions, and decipherment histories
24.The pharaoh's claimed divine status and its link to the concept of ma'at as cosmic order
25.The procedural sequence of Egyptian mummification and the afterlife beliefs each step serves
26.The relationship between the resources devoted to death rituals/monuments and underlying Egyptian values about the afterlife and social hierarchy
27.The shifting power relationship between Kush and Egypt, including trade, conquest, and the 25th Dynasty
28.Point of view and omission in a primary source describing Kush written by an outsider
29.The geographic and resource-based causes of Meroe's rise as an ironworking center
30.A specific, causally-explained difference between Egyptian and Mesopotamian geography, writing, or power-justification
Unit 4: Ancient India: Caste, Belief, and Empire9 lessons
31.Indus Valley river geography and city locations
32.The relationship between undeciphered writing and limits of historical evidence
33.The four varna categories and their defining features
34.Hindu and Buddhist explanations of suffering (dharma/karma/reincarnation vs. Four Noble Truths)
35.The structural features of the caste system that restrict social mobility
36.Ashoka's edicts as a persuasive primary source about imperial rule
37.Transfer of the Hinduism/Buddhism self-and-suffering comparison structure to new texts
38.The Unit 1 civilization checklist (surplus, specialization, hierarchy, government, writing) applied to Maurya India
39.The chronological sequence from Aryan migration to caste formation
Unit 5: Ancient China: Mandate, Order, and Empire10 lessons
40.Huang He (Yellow River) flooding pattern and its effect on settlement location and agricultural risk
41.Oracle bones and their use by priests to communicate with ancestors and record questions
42.The Mandate of Heaven and its causal link between disaster/defeat and legitimacy
43.The dynastic cycle as a repeating pattern of rise, strength, decline, and collapse
44.Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism as competing philosophies of rule
45.Qin Shi Huang's standardization policies as an application of Legalist philosophy
46.Primary-source excerpts from Han Feizi, Confucius (Analects), or an imperial edict
47.Han Dynasty bureaucracy and its Confucian basis
48.The criteria used to evaluate a philosophy of order (Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism), transferred to a non-governmental context
49.The origins of the Silk Road under the Han Dynasty and indirect long-distance connection
Unit 6: Ancient Greece: Citizens, City-States, and Ideas11 lessons
50.The relationship between Greek terrain (mountains, islands) and the political fragmentation into independent poleis
51.Athenian citizenship criteria and their exclusions
52.The distribution of political power in Athens versus Sparta
53.The chronological sequence of Persian War battles and outcomes
54.The causal link between the Persian War outcome and Athens's political and cultural confidence
55.The social function of a given Greek myth
56.The comparative structure of Greek polytheism versus a prior belief system studied
57.Authorial perspective and omission in a Greek primary source about Athenian society
58.The central claim and questioning method of a named Greek philosopher
59.The relationship between citizenship status and political voice in Athenian democracy
60.The mechanism by which Hellenistic culture spread through Alexander's empire
Unit 7: Rome: From Republic to Empire11 lessons
61.Roman geography and its relationship to expansion and trade
62.The founding legend versus archaeological evidence for early Rome
63.Roman social groups and their political rights under the Republic
64.The consul-Senate-veto system of checks in the Roman Republic
65.The political causes of the Senate's failure to stop Caesar
66.The effect of expanding Roman citizenship on the stability of the republic/empire
67.A primary source excerpt describing daily life under Pax Romana
68.Roman engineering achievements and their role in governing a large empire
69.Roman adoption and adaptation of Greek gods and myths
70.Multiple causes of the decline and fall of the western Roman Empire
71.Key Roman government vocabulary (republic, citizen, patrician, plebeian, consul)
Unit 8: Legacies: What the Ancient World Left Behind9 lessons
72.The seven studied civilizations' distinguishing legacies in law, writing, government, and belief
73.The specific legacy term paired with its civilization and category, in the taught grid format
74.The practical origin versus later application of a legacy (e.g., cuneiform as accounting, Hammurabi's Code as dispute resolution)
75.A cause-and-effect chain connecting a specific ancient legacy to a specific modern institution
76.Two civilizations' versions of the same legacy category, compared for function and reach
77.A self-authored primary source's reliability regarding a ruler's own legacy claims
78.An argumentative claim about the widest-reaching legacy, supported by cross-unit evidence
79.The logical strength of a specific 'most important legacy' claim about the alphabet
80.The final argumentative essay on widest-reaching ancient legacy