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Reading and Writing with Evidence: Grade 4 ELA

Grade 4 · Christian · NGSS/CCSS-aligned

This is a year of teaching a fourth-grader to back up what they say about a story or article with actual lines from the text, not vibes. They learn to figure out what a story is really about underneath the plot, to shrink a long article into a true short version instead of a retell, to notice when a chart is technically true but misleading, and to write three kinds of paragraphs — opinion, informative, narrative — that stay on topic. By the end they should be able to look at a mixed bag of reading and writing tasks and figure out on their own what kind of thinking each one wants.

What your child will learn

The whole year, in plain English. Tap any unit to see every skill inside, nothing is hidden.

Reading Between the Lines: Inference with Evidencepeek inside ▸

This unit teaches your child to build a conclusion from a specific quoted sentence, not from a feeling or from outside knowledge. Last year they could find a sentence someone else pointed them to; this year they pick their own evidence and explain how it supports their claim.

  1. The difference between a supported inference and an unsupported guess

    Students distinguish an inference supported by a quoted sentence from a claim with no textual support.

  2. Exact-word quoting of a supporting sentence

    Students quote the exact sentence from a short passage that supports a given inference.

  3. An inference generated from a single clue sentence, plus its matching evidence

    Students generate their own inference from an unstated clue and identify supporting text.

  4. The logical connection between a quote and the claim it supports

    Students explain in one sentence how their quoted evidence connects to their claim.

  5. Two distinct valid inferences from one shared sentence

    Students compare two different, text-supported inferences drawn from the same sentence.

  6. Context clues as a tool for unfamiliar-word meaning

    Students identify the meaning of an unfamiliar word using context clues in a sentence.

  7. The fit between a specific quote and a specific claim

    Students judge whether a classmate's quoted evidence actually supports the stated claim.

  8. A full claim-evidence-explanation response applied to an unfamiliar text type

    Students construct a claim-and-evidence response to an inference question in a brand-new, unpracticed passage genre.

What the Story Is Really About: Themepeek inside ▸

This unit teaches theme as an idea about life — different from the topic (what it's about in a few words) and different from the plot (what happened). Kids learn that what a character chooses to do, not what a narrator says, is the real evidence for theme.

  1. The distinction between topic (what a story is about) and theme (an idea about life)

    Given a story's topic stated in 3 words or fewer, state whether a candidate sentence is a topic or a theme statement.

  2. Character choices as evidence of what a character values

    Identify a character's choice in a fable that reveals what the character values.

  3. Theme statements derived from a fable's stated moral

    Write a theme statement, as a full sentence about life, for a fable with an explicitly stated moral.

  4. Theme statements derived from character choices without a stated moral

    Write a theme statement for a realistic story with no explicitly stated moral, using two character choices as evidence.

  5. The possibility that one story supports more than one defensible theme

    Compare two different, defensible theme statements written by classmates for the same story, judging whether each is supported by quoted evidence.

  6. Fit between quoted textual evidence and a stated theme claim

    Select the two strongest quoted pieces of evidence, from four candidates, to support a given theme statement.

  7. A theme statement and its supporting quoted evidence for an unfamiliar short story

    Write a paragraph stating a theme for a complete short story not read in class, supported by two pieces of quoted evidence.

Whose Story Is It: Summarizing and Sourcespeek inside ▸

Two skills here: writing a true summary instead of a retell, and telling firsthand from secondhand accounts to reason about what a source could actually know. The unit ends by mixing both skills together on new texts, since real life doesn't label which skill a task wants.

  1. Main idea versus key detail in a short informational text

    Sort a list of details from a short text into 'needed for main idea' and 'not needed' with at least 5 of 6 correct.

  2. Summary as compression of main idea and key details, distinct from retell

    Write a summary of a text under 100 words, in 25 words or fewer, that states the main idea and omits minor details.

  3. The distinction between summary and retell

    Explain why a retell and a summary of the same text differ, citing what each includes or omits.

  4. Firsthand versus secondhand accounts of the same event

    Classify a short account of an event as firsthand or secondhand based on the teller's position.

  5. How a source's position shapes what it can report, in a paired firsthand/secondhand text set

    Explain one specific difference in what a firsthand account and a secondhand account of the same event could know, citing text.

  6. Point of view in nonfiction reporting

    Identify how a nonfiction writer's point of view (firsthand or secondhand) shapes the details included in their account.

  7. Discriminating between the summarizing skill and the sourcing skill when both are plausible responses to a new text

    Given a new, unfamiliar informational text about a real historical event, decide whether the task calls for summarizing or for judging source type, and complete it.

  8. Disagreement between two true accounts of one event, explained by position and access

    Compare two true accounts of the same real event that disagree in a detail, and infer a reason for the disagreement based on each writer's position.

One Story, Three Shapes: Poem, Drama, Prosepeek inside ▸

This unit treats structure — stanza and line, scene and dialogue, paragraph and narration — as a real choice an author makes, not decoration. Kids compare the same event told as a poem and as prose and figure out what each version reveals or leaves out.

  1. Stanza and line structure in a poem

    Identify the stanza and line structure of a given poem by marking where each stanza begins and ends.

  2. Scene and dialogue structure in a drama script

    Identify scene breaks and dialogue tags in a short play script.

  3. The function of stage directions relative to dialogue

    Explain how a stage direction adds information that dialogue alone does not provide.

  4. Differences in reader knowledge produced by poem versus prose structure on one shared event

    Compare what a reader learns from a poem versus a prose account of the same event, using a two-column evidence chart.

  5. Theme versus topic across two genres (poem and prose)

    Determine a theme statement for a poem and for a prose story, distinguishing theme from topic in each.

  6. The causal relationship between text structure and reader knowledge, evidenced across two texts

    Generate a claim about one way structure changed what a reader could know, supported by evidence from both a poem and a prose text.

  7. The relationship between an author's structural choice and what that choice reveals or withholds, applied to a novel event

    Infer why an author chose drama rather than poem or prose to tell a specific unfamiliar event, with no prior example of that event in any genre.

  8. Structural features that distinguish poem, drama, and prose

    Classify a short unfamiliar text excerpt as poem, drama, or prose based on structural features alone.

Reading a Page That Isn't All Words: Visual Informationpeek inside ▸

This unit teaches reading charts, diagrams, and timelines as real sources of information, not decorations next to the text. The turn in this unit is that a chart can be entirely true and still give a misleading impression through its axis, scale, or missing labels.

  1. The structural parts of a bar chart (title, axis, key)

    Student identifies the title, axis labels, and key of a given bar chart.

  2. The distinguishing visual feature of a chart versus a diagram versus a timeline

    Student sorts a mixed set of visuals into chart, diagram, or timeline by naming the one feature that identifies each type.

  3. The relationship between a diagram's labels and a paragraph's stated facts

    Student states one fact shown by a diagram's labels that is not stated in the paragraph next to it.

  4. The relationship between spacing on a timeline and duration between events

    Student orders events from a timeline and states which two events happened closest together in time, using spacing as evidence.

  5. The main pattern (most/least, increase/decrease) shown by a bar chart

    Student writes a one-sentence summary naming the overall pattern shown by a bar chart, not a list of its numbers.

  6. The location of a specific fact across a paired text and visual

    Student answers a question about a stated fact by choosing correctly between a paired text and chart, citing which source held the answer.

  7. How a broken axis distorts the visual impression of a true numeric difference

    Student explains why a chart with a broken (non-zero) axis can make a real difference look bigger than it is, even though every number on it is true.

  8. The honesty of a chart's design relative to the true data it displays

    Student decides which of two differently-designed but factually true charts about the same unfamiliar data gives a more honest impression, and justifies the choice in writing.

  9. Integration of a textual fact and a chart fact bearing on a single question

    Student integrates a stated fact from an informational text with a stated fact from its paired chart to answer a question that requires both.

Writing to Inform and Writing to Persuadepeek inside ▸

Two on-demand paragraphs this unit: an opinion paragraph with two reasons, and an informative paragraph with three grouped facts. Both have to cite a source and stay on topic. This is where the reading skills from earlier units become the raw material for writing.

  1. The difference between an opinion claim and a factual statement

    Given a topic sentence, tell whether it states an opinion (a claim someone could disagree with) or a fact.

  2. The distinction between a reason supported by evidence and a reason that is only a feeling

    Sort a set of reasons into 'good reason' (points to evidence) and 'strong feeling' (states emotion only), explaining the difference for at least one pair.

  3. An opinion paragraph structured as claim plus two evidence-backed reasons

    Write an opinion paragraph that states a claim and defends it with two reasons, each supported by a quote or fact from a provided source.

  4. Grouping related facts under a shared category before drafting informative text

    Sort a list of facts about one topic into two or three groups by what they have in common.

  5. Informative paragraph structure: intro, grouped facts, conclusion, topic maintained

    Write an informative paragraph with an introduction, three grouped facts, and a conclusion, staying on the stated topic throughout.

  6. Off-topic sentences that break paragraph unity

    Identify a sentence in a draft paragraph that does not belong because it drifts off topic.

  7. Primary versus secondhand facts as research source types

    Distinguish a fact stated directly by a primary source from a fact reported secondhand about that source, when gathering research for an informative paragraph.

  8. Run-on sentences and sentence fragments in student drafts

    Correct run-on and fragment sentences in a peer or self-drafted paragraph using a taught combining or splitting rule.

  9. Independent transfer of paragraph structure (opinion or informative) to a new topic and source

    Given a new short source text on an unfamiliar topic, plan and draft an opinion or informative paragraph without a class model of that exact topic.

Writing to Tell a Story: Narrative Craftpeek inside ▸

Four craft moves, taught one at a time with a full worked example before independent practice: putting events in order, writing dialogue that matters, adding sensory description, and planning toward an implied theme rather than bolting one on at the end.

  1. Logical event order in a narrative

    Given a jumbled set of 5-6 event cards from a shared story, arrange them into a logical sequence.

  2. Mechanics of punctuating dialogue (quotation marks, comma placement, capitalization after a tag)

    Punctuate a set of unpunctuated dialogue lines with correct quotation marks, commas, and capitalization, using the exact rules and examples modeled in class.

  3. Dialogue that advances plot or reveals character motive

    Write dialogue for a given scene that reveals what a character wants, choosing lines that would change if deleted.

  4. Transitional words signaling time (e.g., later, meanwhile, the next morning)

    Select transitional words that match the amount of time actually passing between two given events.

  5. Sensory description that serves a scene's mood or meaning

    Add one sensory description detail to a bare sentence that helps a reader picture the setting.

  6. The connection between a character's climax choice and an implied theme

    Plan a story event where a character's choice matches a theme the student states beforehand.

  7. An original short narrative built from the four taught craft moves

    Draft a 5-8 paragraph narrative combining sequence, dialogue, description, and transitions around one clear event.

  8. Implied theme in an unfamiliar narrative text

    State in one sentence the theme a finished, unfamiliar short narrative (not one the class wrote) implies.

  9. Revision of a draft sentence using a taught craft move

    Revise one paragraph of a draft by replacing at least one flat sentence with a dialogue line or sensory detail.

Putting It Together: Mixed Reading and Writing Taskspeek inside ▸

No new content here — this unit mixes everything from Units 1 through 7 so your child learns to choose the right tool, not just execute whichever one they were told to use. Expect a dip in performance during the mixed practice days; that's the mixing working, not a sign anything broke.

  1. The distinguishing task-clues for inference, theme, and summary questions

    Given an unlabeled question about a text, name whether it requires inference, theme, or summary.

  2. Evidence-based inference from a new, unlabeled prose passage

    Cite text evidence to answer an inference question in a mixed passage set.

  3. The required feature of each writing mode as taught in Units 6 and 7

    Name the three writing modes (opinion, informative, narrative) and one required feature of each, from memory.

  4. Theme statement supported by textual evidence in an unlabeled passage

    State a theme for a story and support it with two pieces of textual evidence.

  5. Summary of a text-plus-chart pairing, integrating visual and print evidence

    Write a summary of an informational text that includes a chart, using only the main idea and key details.

  6. The distinguishing task-clues for opinion, informative, and narrative prompts

    Given an unlabeled prompt, decide whether it asks for opinion, informative, or narrative writing.

  7. A complete short piece in the mode identified from an unlabeled prompt

    Draft a short opinion, informative, or narrative piece matching the mode a prompt requires.

  8. Reliability judgment between two conflicting accounts of one event

    Compare a firsthand and secondhand account of the same event and judge which is more reliable for a specific question.

  9. The link between a prompt's wording and the strategy or mode it calls for

    Explain why a chosen reading strategy or writing mode fits a given prompt, citing the specific clue in the prompt.

From the parent guide

This is a year of teaching a fourth-grader to back up what they say about a story or article with actual lines from the text, not vibes. They learn to figure out what a story is really about underneath the plot, to shrink a long article into a true short version instead of a retell, to notice when a chart is technically true but misleading, and to write three kinds of paragraphs — opinion, informative, narrative — that stay on topic. By the end they should be able to look at a mixed bag of reading and writing tasks and figure out on their own what kind of thinking each one wants.

Unit 1 · what to expect

This unit teaches your child to build a conclusion from a specific quoted sentence, not from a feeling or from outside knowledge. Last year they could find a sentence someone else pointed them to; this year they pick their own evidence and explain how it supports their claim.

The full guide covers all 8 units: where kids get stuck, what to say, and how to tell it's working. Included with the course.

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Reading and Writing with Evidence: Grade 4 ELA, Grade 4 Homeschool Curriculum