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American Voices, American Arguments: Literature and Rhetoric in Context

Grade 11 · Christian · NGSS/CCSS-aligned

This is an 11th-grade year of American literature and writing that runs from the Puritans to today, and it treats writers as people making arguments, not just telling stories. Your child will read Winthrop and Edwards, then Jefferson and Paine, then Douglass and Emerson, then a 20th-century novel or play, then contemporary poetry, and finally spend six weeks building their own research paper out of texts read across the whole year. The through-line is rhetoric, how writers try to move an audience, not just what they say, and by June your child should be able to pick apart an argument they've never seen before and build one of their own with real sources behind it. It's reading-heavy and writing-heavy, and it's meant to get them ready for AP-level or college-level work next year.

What your child will learn

The whole year, in plain English. Tap any unit to see every skill inside, nothing is hidden.

Origins: Puritan Rhetoric and the American Errandpeek inside ▸

This is where the year's vocabulary gets planted: covenant, typology, jeremiad, plain style, the 'errand into the wilderness.' Your child reads Bradford, Winthrop, and Edwards and learns that these writers weren't just describing their faith, they were making an argument for why the community existed and what it owed. The metaphors here (city on a hill, errand) outlive the religious argument and get reused by every later unit.

  1. Archaic and theological vocabulary in 'A Model of Christian Charity'

    Given a glossed excerpt of Winthrop's 'A Model of Christian Charity,' state the literal meaning of at least 8 of 10 archaic or theological terms (e.g., 'providence,' 'covenant,' 'affections') using context and provided glosses.

  2. The three-part structure of the jeremiad form

    Identify the three structural components of a jeremiad (diagnosis of decline, warning of consequence, call to covenant renewal) in a teacher-provided excerpt of Edwards's 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,' using a structure map.

  3. The argumentative function of the 'city upon a hill' metaphor in 'A Model of Christian Charity'

    Explain how Winthrop's use of the 'city upon a hill' image functions as an argumentative device (creating public accountability and communal stakes) rather than as decorative language, citing specific textual evidence.

  4. The relationship between plain style and Puritan theological belief about ornamentation and truth

    Compare Bradford's plain style prose to a contrasting ornate 17th-century English prose excerpt, inferring the theological belief that motivates the stylistic choice in each.

  5. The jeremiad form applied to a non-Puritan, contemporary rhetorical text

    Apply the jeremiad's three-part structure to identify whether a contemporary political speech excerpt (not Puritan, not previously seen) follows, partially follows, or departs from the form, and justify the classification with textual evidence.

  6. The relationship between a specific rhetorical structure and the persuasive purpose it serves for a named historical audience

    Construct a written analysis explaining how a chosen Puritan text's rhetorical structure (typology, plain style, or jeremiad form) serves its specific persuasive purpose for its original audience, using at least two pieces of textual evidence.

  7. The reuse and transformation of the 'city on a hill' / 'errand into the wilderness' metaphor beyond its original Puritan argumentative context

    Given a never-before-seen short passage using founding-myth language (e.g., a modern political speech invoking 'city on a hill' or 'errand'), infer whether the writer is extending, ironizing, or rejecting the original Puritan argument, and justify the inference using knowledge of the metaphor's original rhetorical function.

  8. The distinction between content summary and rhetorical purpose

    Distinguish between summarizing what a Puritan text is about and identifying what the text's rhetorical purpose is trying to do to its audience, when given a text excerpt and two sample responses (one summary, one purpose-statement).

Founding Arguments: Revolution and the Rhetoric of Independencepeek inside ▸

Jefferson and Paine take the covenant language and plain style from Unit 1 and repurpose them for a political argument instead of a religious one. This unit also introduces ethos, pathos, and logos by name, these three words become the standard toolkit for analyzing every nonfiction text for the rest of the year.

  1. Ethos, pathos, and logos as categories of rhetorical appeal

    Given a short excerpt, correctly label a specific appeal as ethos, pathos, or logos and identify the textual feature (word choice, claimed credential, statistic, emotional image) that signals it.

  2. The Declaration of Independence's construction of shared ethos with its intended 18th-century audience

    Explain how a specific phrase in the Declaration of Independence (e.g., 'we hold these truths to be self-evident') functions to establish shared ethos between the writers and the reading public of 1776.

  3. The logos structure of the Declaration of Independence's list of grievances

    Diagram the logical structure of the Declaration's grievance list, showing how individual grievances function as premises supporting the concluding claim of a right to separate.

  4. Concession-and-rebuttal structure in Paine's Common Sense

    Identify where Paine anticipates a specific counterargument in Common Sense and evaluate whether his rebuttal actually addresses the counterargument's strongest form or a weaker version of it.

  5. The relationship between intended audience and the balance of rhetorical appeals across two Revolutionary texts

    Compare the rhetorical strategies of the Declaration of Independence and Common Sense, explaining why a document aimed at international/elite audiences (Declaration) and one aimed at ordinary undecided colonists (Common Sense) differ in their balance of ethos, pathos, and logos.

  6. Rhetorical appeals and concession-rebuttal structure in an unfamiliar Revolutionary-era primary source

    Analyze an unfamiliar Revolutionary-era primary source (not covered in class) to identify its dominant rhetorical appeals and evaluate how effectively it anticipates and rebuts likely counterclaims, in a timed essay.

  7. Repurposing of Puritan covenant language and typology for political argument in Revolutionary-era rhetoric

    Recall the definitions of typology and the jeremiad from Unit 1 and identify an instance of covenant language being repurposed for a political rather than religious argument in a Revolutionary text.

  8. The general principle that appeal selection is a function of audience persuadability across historical contexts

    Given two unfamiliar short persuasive texts from different eras (e.g., a Revolutionary pamphlet and a modern op-ed), generalize a claim about how the same three appeals can be deployed differently depending on the persuadability and prior belief of the target audience.

Contested Selves: Individualism, Slavery, and the Unreliable Narratorpeek inside ▸

This unit puts Emerson and Thoreau's self-reliance arguments next to Douglass's and Jacobs's narratives, and asks a pointed question: who was actually allowed to claim authority over their own life story? It uses the ethos/pathos/logos tools from Unit 2 on first-person testimony instead of speeches.

  1. Emerson's central claim in 'Self-Reliance' about individual authority versus social conformity

    Given a passage from Emerson's 'Self-Reliance,' state its central claim about the individual's relationship to society in one sentence.

  2. Ethos/pathos/logos as applied to short excerpts of Douglass's Narrative

    Identify which rhetorical appeal (ethos, pathos, or logos) dominates in a given short excerpt from Douglass's Narrative, using the definitions established in Unit 2.

  3. The difference between testimonial ethos (Douglass) and assertive/philosophical ethos (Emerson)

    Explain how Douglass's narrative voice constructs credibility (ethos) differently than Emerson's essayistic voice, given that one writes as embodied testimony and the other as philosophical assertion.

  4. Jacobs's rhetorical purpose and audience-specific disclosure choices in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

    Explain why Jacobs frames her narrative as an appeal to Northern white women readers specifically, connecting her stated purpose to her choices about what to disclose and withhold.

  5. Constrained narration as evidence of the narrator's social/legal situation, using slave narrative conventions

    Analyze how an unnamed or constrained first-person narrator's limitations on what they can safely say function as evidence of their situation rather than as a flaw in the text.

  6. Points of convergence and divergence between Emerson's and Thoreau's arguments about self-reliance and social withdrawal

    Compare Emerson's and Thoreau's versions of self-reliance to determine where they diverge on whether withdrawal from society is necessary for individual authority.

  7. Inferring unstated meaning from a constrained narrator's silences in a genuinely new text

    Given an unfamiliar 19th-century first-person narrative excerpt (not read in class) written by a narrator whose social position constrains their speech, infer what the narrator cannot say directly and what rhetorical purpose that silence serves.

  8. The interdependence of self-reliant authority and enslaved/constrained labor across two independently-argued texts

    Construct an original argument, using two paired 19th-century texts never explicitly paired in class instruction, about whether the rhetorical authority one writer claims depends on the labor or constraint of a figure like the other writer's narrator.

  9. Essay planning: evidence selection and organization for a comparative authority-construction argument

    Plan a comparative essay that draws specific textual evidence from one slave narrative and one Transcendentalist text to support a thesis about constructed authority, before drafting.

  10. Evidence-claim alignment in a comparative rhetorical-analysis paragraph

    Check a peer's draft paragraph for whether cited evidence actually supports the claim made about that writer's rhetorical authority, or merely appears in the same paragraph.

Reading Argument Closely: Rhetorical Analysis of Nonfictionpeek inside ▸

This unit slows down and teaches a full method for taking apart one nonfiction piece: who it's for, why, when, how it's arranged, what its word choices are doing, and what unstated assumption (the 'warrant') has to be true for its evidence to actually support its claim. It leans hard on ethos/pathos/logos from Unit 2, brought back after about a month away on purpose.

  1. Audience, purpose, and context as analytic categories applied to a nonfiction passage

    Given a short nonfiction passage, identify the specific audience, purpose, and occasion the text was written for, using textual evidence rather than the topic alone.

  2. The claim-evidence-warrant relationship, using a provided sentence frame on a previously modeled passage

    Given the sentence frame 'The writer assumes that ___, which is why ___ counts as evidence for ___,' state the warrant of a passage that was directly modeled in class, filling the frame accurately without needing to locate claim/evidence/warrant unassisted.

  3. The functional effect of a rhetorical appeal on a specified audience

    Explain how a writer's use of ethos, pathos, or logos functions to move a specific named audience toward the writer's claim, not merely label which appeal is present.

  4. Rhetorical arrangement as a structural choice with argumentative consequences

    Analyze how a writer's structural arrangement (order of ideas, placement of concession, sequencing of evidence) shapes how an audience receives the argument.

  5. Diction and syntax as argumentative choices, not decoration

    Explain how specific diction and syntax choices in a passage advance or intensify the writer's argument, citing the exact words or sentence structures responsible.

  6. The distinction between claim, evidence, and warrant

    Distinguish a text's claim from its warrant by identifying the unstated assumption that must be true for the cited evidence to support the claim.

  7. Comparison of warrants across two texts addressing the same issue

    Given two passages arguing the same issue with different warrants, compare how each writer's unstated assumption leads to a different claim from similar evidence.

  8. Integrated rhetorical analysis of a nonfiction passage

    Write a full rhetorical analysis paragraph integrating audience, arrangement, diction/syntax, and warrant into a single coherent account of how a passage persuades, without a sentence frame.

  9. Independent rhetorical analysis of an unseen nonfiction text

    Given a nonfiction speech or essay never encountered in class, on an unfamiliar occasion and issue, produce a complete rhetorical analysis identifying claim, warrant, and at least two rhetorical choices that function to persuade a specified audience.

  10. The soundness of a warrant, independent of whether the procedure for locating a warrant was executed correctly

    Evaluate whether a passage's stated or implied warrant is actually plausible, rather than merely present, by testing whether the cited evidence would still support the claim if the assumption were false, including for passages where the 'obvious' warrant does not actually hold.

  11. The relationship between rhetorical skill and factual soundness of a claim

    Evaluate whether a text can be simultaneously rhetorically skillful and factually misleading, using a specific passage as the test case for that distinction.

Arguing With Sources: Synthesis Across Multiple Textspeek inside ▸

Here the move shifts from analyzing one text carefully to building an original claim out of three to five texts that agree, disagree, or simply aren't talking about the same thing. It reuses the Emerson/Douglass/Jacobs material from Unit 3 as the actual sources students synthesize.

  1. Conflicting claims about individual authority in Transcendentalist and slave-narrative texts

    Given two source excerpts that make conflicting claims about individual authority (one Transcendentalist, one slave-narrative), state in one sentence what each source would say to the other.

  2. The definition of synthesis as claim-construction versus summary as sequential restatement

    Define synthesis, distinguishing it in writing from summary, by naming what a synthesis must DO that a sequence of summaries does not.

  3. A source-conflict map showing agreement, disagreement, and talking-past among two sources, using the modeled pair and structure

    Given the exact source pair and column structure demonstrated in the Day 3 worked example, reproduce a completed source-conflict map for that same pair, correctly locating one agreement, one disagreement, and one talking-past entry in the text.

  4. A source-conflict map showing agreement, disagreement, and talking-past among three sources

    Given a set of 3 sources on a shared contested question, complete a source-conflict map identifying each source's position, one point of agreement, one point of disagreement, and one place where sources address different sub-questions entirely (talk past each other).

  5. The concession-without-surrender move in argumentative paragraphs

    Write a paragraph that concedes the validity of a conflicting source's evidence while explaining why the writer's own claim still stands.

  6. The evidentiary status of a chart or social-media post used within a written argument

    Given a claim supported by a chart or social-media-style post presented as a fourth source, evaluate whether the visual is being offered as evidence or as illustration, and justify the distinction.

  7. An original synthesis claim built from four previously unseen but topically related sources

    Given four sources on a contested question none of which the student has synthesized before, generate an original claim that accounts for points of agreement and disagreement among all four, unprompted as to which sources conflict.

  8. The difference between describing source conflict and resolving it into an original claim

    Explain why a synthesis essay that only describes source conflict, without resolving it into a claim, fails to meet the assignment's demand.

  9. Argument-based (versus source-based) organizational structure for a multi-source essay

    Organize a five-paragraph synthesis essay outline that groups sources by point of argument rather than by source-by-source sequence.

  10. Collaborative extension and challenge of peer claims about source conflicts

    Participate in a Socratic-style discussion building on peers' claims about a source conflict, citing specific textual evidence to extend or challenge another student's point.

Twentieth-Century Voices: Fiction, Drama, and the Argument Over Identitypeek inside ▸

This is the unit where a novel or play gets treated as an argument, not just a story, and where the specific way it's built (whose voice you get, what's staged versus said, what's left unresolved) is treated as making a claim in itself. It calls back Unit 1's founding-mythology language and Unit 3's questions about who gets individual authority, now applied to modern, multi-voiced texts.

  1. The distinction between a character's/narrator's stated claim and the text's structural treatment of that claim

    Given a short excerpt, students correctly identify whether the narrator explicitly states a claim about identity/authority and distinguish that stated claim from what the surrounding plot confirms or undercuts.

  2. Form (narrative structure or dramatic staging) as a vehicle for an implicit argument about individual authority

    Students explain how a specific formal choice (narrative structure, withheld information, or dramatic staging convention) in the core text makes a claim about who is allowed individual authority, using textual evidence.

  3. The differential function of mythology-invocation (strengthening belonging vs. exposing exclusion) across contrasting textual moments

    Students compare two moments (within or across texts) that both invoke founding mythology (American Dream or self-reliance) and determine whether each invocation strengthens a character's claim to belonging or exposes a limit in the mythology.

  4. Deliberate authorial irresolution between competing narrators as a structural argument about whose authority the reader can trust

    Given two conflicting first-person accounts of the same scene from a multi-narrator text, students identify what each account requires the reader to overlook and argue why the author leaves the conflict structurally unresolved.

  5. The terms persona, dramatic irony, and mythology revision/inversion

    Students recall the definitions of persona, dramatic irony, and revision/inversion of mythology as introduced in this unit.

  6. The core text's formal architecture as the vehicle for its claim about American identity

    Students construct an original thesis arguing how a specific formal choice in the core text (not merely its content or a character's statement) makes a claim about American identity, and defend it with textual evidence in an extended essay.

  7. Transfer of the form-as-argument analytic move to unseen prose and dramatic excerpts

    Given a novel excerpt and a play excerpt neither read in class, students determine which formal device (narrative interiority vs. staging/silence) each uses to make an implicit claim about identity, without being told which device to look for.

  8. Ambiguous or mixed authorial stance toward founding mythology invocation

    Students classify a given passage as primarily invoking founding mythology to affirm belonging versus primarily invoking it to expose exclusion, when the passage's stance is ambiguous or mixed.

Compressed Arguments: Contemporary American Poetry and Voicepeek inside ▸

Poetry gets treated the same way the play and novel did, as argument, just compressed into line breaks, white space, and what's left unsaid. It builds straight off Unit 6's persona and voice ideas, now applied to much shorter texts where every choice carries more weight.

  1. Line break as a meaning-bearing choice, not a formatting artifact

    Given a single sentence lineated three different ways, students identify which line-break placement best supports a stated interpretive claim and name the specific word placed at the line's end that creates that effect.

  2. The gap between persona voice and poet identity in dramatic monologue

    Students distinguish the persona's stated position from the poet's biographically plausible position in a dramatic monologue, citing at least one specific line where the two diverge.

  3. Persona as a device that varies argumentative distance between speaker and reader

    Given two persona poems addressing a related theme (e.g., inherited identity, displacement), students compare how each poem's persona choice changes the argument's rhetorical distance from the reader, and generalize this into a stated principle about persona as an argumentative tool.

  4. Omission as a rhetorical choice that implies an unstated claim

    Students state, as an original sentence the poem itself never states, the implicit claim created by a poem's deliberate omission of a specific detail (e.g., an unnamed cause, an absent apology, an unstated cause of loss).

  5. Allusion as a compressed argumentative borrowing of another text's authority or meaning

    Given an unfamiliar contemporary poem never discussed in class, students identify at least one allusion and explain what claim the poem borrows or argues against by invoking that referenced text or event.

  6. Form-to-argument connection in contemporary poetry, applied through discussion

    Students plan and deliver at least two evidence-based contributions in a Socratic seminar on assigned poems, each contribution citing a specific line and stating how a form choice (persona, line break, cadence, or omission) supports or complicates a claim about identity.

  7. Comparative argument construction across two unfamiliar contemporary poems using form-based evidence

    Given two contemporary poems, one persona-driven, that neither poem was discussed in class, students construct a written comparative claim about how each poem's form choices argue a position on identity, and defend that claim using cited textual evidence from both poems.

  8. Unit vocabulary: persona, dramatic monologue, cadence, enjambment

    Students recall the definitions of persona, dramatic monologue, cadence, and enjambment introduced or reintroduced in this unit when given the term without context.

The Research Argument: Building an Original Claimpeek inside ▸

The year's final project: your child picks a research question, finds and evaluates at least six sources spanning two or more units from this year, and writes a documented argument that actually synthesizes across periods rather than cherry-picking whatever agrees with them. No new literary content, this is Unit 2/4's appeals vocabulary and Unit 5's synthesis definition, scaled up with real citations.

  1. The distinction between a fact question, a yes/no question, and an arguable research question

    Given a course-EQ-adjacent topic, formulate a research question that is arguable, not a yes/no fact question, and narrow it to a scope answerable in 6-8 pages.

  2. Criteria for source credibility (authorship, purpose, corroboration) as distinct from surface professionalism

    Evaluate a given source's credibility by checking who is behind it, its purpose, and corroboration elsewhere, rather than judging it by appearance or professionalism.

  3. MLA in-text citation and works-cited entry format

    Recall the MLA in-text citation format and works-cited entry structure for common source types (book, article, website).

  4. MLA citation mechanics applied to a specific source

    Execute correct MLA in-text citations and a correctly formatted works-cited entry for a source provided by the teacher.

  5. Points of agreement, disagreement, and non-overlap among sources spanning different historical periods

    Compare two or more sources from different units/periods on the same research question to identify where they agree, disagree, or address different aspects of the question -- applying Unit 5's synthesis definition at research scale.

  6. A thesis statement that synthesizes rather than summarizes sourced positions

    Generate an original claim (thesis) that accounts for the tension among sources rather than merely averaging or picking a side already agreed upon by one source.

  7. Organizational structure of a synthesis-based argument (claim-driven vs. source-driven organization)

    Plan the organizational structure of a multi-source research argument, sequencing evidence and counterargument rather than summarizing sources one after another.

  8. A documented, multi-source research argument draft

    Produce a full draft of the research argument integrating evidence from at least six sources across at least two units' texts, with correct in-text citation.

  9. The writer's own source-selection and counterargument reasoning

    Explain and defend, in response to unscripted questions, why particular sources were selected and how a counterargument was addressed in the paper.

  10. The multistructural-to-relational boundary in a peer's draft paragraphs (listing sources vs. synthesizing them)

    Critique a peer's draft by identifying where a paragraph lists source claims without connecting them versus where it constructs a synthesized point.

  11. Source-credibility and synthesis criteria transferred to a non-course topic

    Given an unfamiliar controversial topic outside the course's American-literature content, apply the source-credibility and synthesis criteria learned in this unit to evaluate a new set of sources.

From the parent guide

This is an 11th-grade year of American literature and writing that runs from the Puritans to today, and it treats writers as people making arguments, not just telling stories. Your child will read Winthrop and Edwards, then Jefferson and Paine, then Douglass and Emerson, then a 20th-century novel or play, then contemporary poetry, and finally spend six weeks building their own research paper out of texts read across the whole year. The through-line is rhetoric, how writers try to move an audience, not just what they say, and by June your child should be able to pick apart an argument they've never seen before and build one of their own with real sources behind it. It's reading-heavy and writing-heavy, and it's meant to get them ready for AP-level or college-level work next year.

Unit 1 · what to expect

This is where the year's vocabulary gets planted: covenant, typology, jeremiad, plain style, the 'errand into the wilderness.' Your child reads Bradford, Winthrop, and Edwards and learns that these writers weren't just describing their faith, they were making an argument for why the community existed and what it owed. The metaphors here (city on a hill, errand) outlive the religious argument and get reused by every later unit.

The full guide covers all 8 units: where kids get stuck, what to say, and how to tell it's working. Included with the course.

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American Voices, American Arguments: Literature and Rhetoric in Context, Grade 11 Homeschool Curriculum